Medical Articles

When cultured as aggregates in suspension, embryonic stem cells form three-dimensional, multicellular complexes called embryoid bodies. These spherical structures resemble the egg cylinders of embryos 6 to 8 days post-fertilization.

After approximately 4 to 8 days, these embryoid bodies typically contain skeletal structures between the inner mesenchymal cells and outer epithelial cells, which begin to contract spontaneously.

Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease are important issues, especially in the Western world, where ischemic heart disease and its consequences are the leading cause of death.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global public health issue, and transmission is ongoing in all countries. It has claimed an estimated 44.1 million lives to date.

Testicular torsion is an emergency and can lead to primary hypogonadism. Testicular torsion begins suddenly, and patients experience intractable pain due to decreased blood supply to the testicles. Testicular torsion also causes germ cell injury, depending on the ischemia and severity of the cord twisting.