MSCs are multipotent stem cells, multipotent progenitor cells, or myeloid stromal cells found in bone marrow, lungs, adipose tissue, and other body tissues.

MSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of MSCs in immunomodulation with low immunogenic potential. MSCs are harvested from bone marrow and adipose tissue and then expanded in cell cultures in vitro. Culture expansion is performed to reduce the heterogeneous MSC population. MSCs are then collected from tissue

Regenerative therapy using natural culture flasks, trypsinized, centrifuged, pelleted, and resuspended in ice-cold liquid collagen-fibronectin gel. The collagen-fibronectin gel forms a soft gel at body temperature. This MSC mixture is then injected into the target tissue. MSCs can relieve discogenic low back pain by modulating the primary pain-causing pathway and regenerating disc tissue. However, the survival of MSCs is a limiting factor in achieving long-term results. and synthetic biomaterials is a wise alternative for managing chronic pain. Studies comparing PRP and MSCs with steroid injections have shown that the former is preferable and safer. Strong data and research on the efficacy of bioactive substances in regenerative medicine could help integrate their use into routine clinical practice.