Infertility is a globally recognized problem caused by various reproductive disorders. To date, various therapeutic approaches have been tried to restore fertility including etiology-specific drugs, hormonal treatments, surgical resection, and assisted reproductive techniques.
Infertility is considered one of the most important issues that affect the health and social life of individuals. Both males and females contribute equally to the causes of infertility, and its causes include age, anatomical defects, ovulatory dysfunction, male factors, infections, environmental issues, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases.
Although these existing treatment methods may produce results, fertility restoration is not achieved in all cases. Advances in the use of stem cells (SC) therapy hold great promise for the treatment of infertile patients due to their ability to self-renew, differentiate, and produce various paracrine factors to regenerate damaged or injured cells and regenerate injured germ cells.
Furthermore, stem cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing bioactive molecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins.
Several studies have indicated that stem cell transplantation or stem cell transplantation plays a crucial role in regenerating different parts of the reproductive system, producing eggs, and initiating sperm production.
